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Men who have sex with men (MSM), also known as males who have sex with males, are male persons who engage in sexual activity with members of the same sex, regardless of how they identify themselves; many such men do not (or cannot for various reasons) sexually identify as gay, homosexual or bisexual. The term was created in the 1990s by epidemiologists in order to study the spread of disease among men who have sex with men, regardless of identity.〔 The term ''MSM'' is often used in medical literature and social research to describe such men as a group for research studies without considering issues of self-identification. == As a constructed behavioral category == The term ''MSM'' had been in use in public health discussions, especially in the context of HIV/AIDS, since 1990 or earlier, but the coining of the initialism by Glick ''et al.'' in 1994 "signaled the crystallization of a new concept." This behavioural concept comes from two distinct academic perspectives. First, it was pursued by epidemiologists seeking behavioral categories that would offer better analytical concepts for the study of disease-risk than identity-based categories (such as "gay", "bisexual", or "straight"), because a man who self-identifies as gay or bisexual is not necessarily sexually active with men, and someone who identifies as straight might be sexually active with men. Second, its usage is tied to criticism of sexual identity terms prevalent in social construction literature which typically rejected the use of identity-based concepts across cultural and historical contexts. MSM are not limited to small, self-identified, and visible sub-populations. ''MSM'' and ''gay'' refer to different things: behaviors and social identities. ''MSM'' refers to sexual activities between men, regardless of how they identify, whereas ''gay'' can include those activities but is more broadly seen as a cultural identity. ''Homosexuality'' refers to sexual/romantic attraction between members of the same sex and may or may not include romantic relationships. ''Gay'' is a social identity and is generally the preferred social term, whereas ''homosexual'' is used in formal contexts, though the terms are not entirely interchangeable. Men who are non-heterosexual or questioning may identify with all, none, a combination of these, or one of the newer terms indicating a similar sexual, romantic, and cultural identity like ''bi-curious''. In their assessment of the knowledge about the sexual networks and behaviors of MSM in Asia, Dowsett, Grierson and McNally concluded that the category of MSM does not correspond to a single social identity in any of the countries they studied.〔A review of knowledge about the sexual networks and behaviors of men who have sex with men in Asia. Dowsett, Grierson and McNally.()〕 There were no similar traits in all of the MSM population studied, other than them being males and engaging in sex with other men. In some countries, homosexual relationships may be illegal or taboo, making MSM difficult to reach. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「men who have sex with men」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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